Key words: Simulator, RADAR, ARPA, ECDIS, OOW, COLREGS 1972, STCW 1995
The definition of RADAR is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. A radar system has a transmitter that emits either radio waves or (more usually these days) microwaves that are reflected by the target and detected by a receiver, typically in the same location as the transmitter. Although the signal returned is usually very weak, the signal can be amplified. This enables radar to detect objects at ranges where other emissions, such as sound or visible light, would be too weak to detect.
A maritime RADAR with Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) capability can create tracks using radar contacts. The system can calculate the tracked object's course, speed and closest point of approach (CPA), thereby knowing if there is a danger of collision with the other ship or landmass.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set out certain standards amending the International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea requirements regarding the carrying of suitable automated radar plotting aids. The primary function of ARPAs can be summarized in the statement found under the IMO Performance Standards. It states a requirement of ARPAs...."in order to improve the standard of collision avoidance at sea: Reduce the workload of observers by enabling them to automatically obtain information so that they can perform as well with multiple targets as they can by manually plotting a single target". As we can see from this statement the principal advantages of ARPA are a reduction in the workload of bridge personnel and fuller and quicker information on selected targets.
An Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a specific form of computer-based navigation information system that complies with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations and can be used in lieu of paper navigation charts in some areas. Not all electronic chart systems can be called an ECDIS, but the term is often incorrectly used to refer to any type of Electronic Chart System (ECS). The true ECDIS system displays information from electronic navigational charts (ENC) and integrates position information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other navigational sensors, such as radar, fathometer and automatic identification systems (AIS). It may also display additional navigation-related information, such as Sailing Directions.
Abstract
The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 (COLREGS) are published by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and set out the "rules of the road" to be followed by ships and other vessels at sea. COLREGS can also refer to the specific political line that divides inland waterways (subject to one set of navigation rules) and coastal waterways (subject to international navigation rules). Part B - Steering and sailing, Section I (for any visibility), Rule no. 5 about Look-out that every vessel must at all times keep a proper look-out by sight (day shape or lights by eyes or visual aids), hearing (sound signal or Marine VHF radio) and all available means (e.g. Radar, ARPA, AIS, GMDSS...) in order to judge if risk of collision exists. Rule no.7 Risk of Collision that Vessels must use all available means to determine the risk of a collision, including the use of radar (if available) to get early warning of the risk of collision by radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects. (e.g. ARPA, AIS).
If the distance of any vessel is reduced and her compass bearing does not change much or a large vessel or towing vessel at close distance or if in doubt, risk of collision shall be deemed to exist.
MTC Ashiya, there were experienced instructor that supervised and conducted the class to the JICA Maritime Education advanced of Information Technology Training participants who are from Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam also practical as well. The Simulator software was developed to handle various scenario, and these scenarios were derived from different situations that officers on watch can encounter I their actual duties on board. Professor Taguchi had teach all about RADAR/ARPA and ECDIS such as introduction, basic knowledge sounding for participant, how to operate instruments in simulator room and also how to design training scenario for students. All participants have had the opportunity to understood and made in practice all what was professor explained. Presentation standards and criteria simulation training of the advanced navigation instruments above for OOW (Officer On Watch) can adopted IMO Model Course and STCW Code 1995.
This report summary presented about introduction the RADAR/ARPA Simulator Training, facilities during the simulation training, how to train with hardware in simulator room using real equipments and all instruments, LONT (Line Oriented Navigation Training), the evaluation of training and the last one is conclusion.
The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 (COLREGS) are published by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and set out the "rules of the road" to be followed by ships and other vessels at sea. COLREGS can also refer to the specific political line that divides inland waterways (subject to one set of navigation rules) and coastal waterways (subject to international navigation rules). Part B - Steering and sailing, Section I (for any visibility), Rule no. 5 about Look-out that every vessel must at all times keep a proper look-out by sight (day shape or lights by eyes or visual aids), hearing (sound signal or Marine VHF radio) and all available means (e.g. Radar, ARPA, AIS, GMDSS...) in order to judge if risk of collision exists. Rule no.7 Risk of Collision that Vessels must use all available means to determine the risk of a collision, including the use of radar (if available) to get early warning of the risk of collision by radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects. (e.g. ARPA, AIS).
If the distance of any vessel is reduced and her compass bearing does not change much or a large vessel or towing vessel at close distance or if in doubt, risk of collision shall be deemed to exist.
MTC Ashiya, there were experienced instructor that supervised and conducted the class to the JICA Maritime Education advanced of Information Technology Training participants who are from Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam also practical as well. The Simulator software was developed to handle various scenario, and these scenarios were derived from different situations that officers on watch can encounter I their actual duties on board. Professor Taguchi had teach all about RADAR/ARPA and ECDIS such as introduction, basic knowledge sounding for participant, how to operate instruments in simulator room and also how to design training scenario for students. All participants have had the opportunity to understood and made in practice all what was professor explained. Presentation standards and criteria simulation training of the advanced navigation instruments above for OOW (Officer On Watch) can adopted IMO Model Course and STCW Code 1995.
This report summary presented about introduction the RADAR/ARPA Simulator Training, facilities during the simulation training, how to train with hardware in simulator room using real equipments and all instruments, LONT (Line Oriented Navigation Training), the evaluation of training and the last one is conclusion.
Introduction
The definition of RADAR is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. A radar system has a transmitter that emits either radio waves or (more usually these days) microwaves that are reflected by the target and detected by a receiver, typically in the same location as the transmitter. Although the signal returned is usually very weak, the signal can be amplified. This enables radar to detect objects at ranges where other emissions, such as sound or visible light, would be too weak to detect.A maritime RADAR with Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) capability can create tracks using radar contacts. The system can calculate the tracked object's course, speed and closest point of approach (CPA), thereby knowing if there is a danger of collision with the other ship or landmass.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set out certain standards amending the International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea requirements regarding the carrying of suitable automated radar plotting aids. The primary function of ARPAs can be summarized in the statement found under the IMO Performance Standards. It states a requirement of ARPAs...."in order to improve the standard of collision avoidance at sea: Reduce the workload of observers by enabling them to automatically obtain information so that they can perform as well with multiple targets as they can by manually plotting a single target". As we can see from this statement the principal advantages of ARPA are a reduction in the workload of bridge personnel and fuller and quicker information on selected targets.
An Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a specific form of computer-based navigation information system that complies with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations and can be used in lieu of paper navigation charts in some areas. Not all electronic chart systems can be called an ECDIS, but the term is often incorrectly used to refer to any type of Electronic Chart System (ECS). The true ECDIS system displays information from electronic navigational charts (ENC) and integrates position information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other navigational sensors, such as radar, fathometer and automatic identification systems (AIS). It may also display additional navigation-related information, such as Sailing Directions.
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